Since Chile introduced a fully funded, privately managed defined contribution scheme in 1981, some two dozens countries have converted a portion of their pension system to this arrangement.

自从智利在1981年引进了全基金式的、由私营部门管理的固定缴费方案之后，二十多个国家已经把它们的部分养老金方案转变为这种方案。

youdao

One must also note that Nokia has already begun the path of restructuring (the pension is already fully funded and mostly of a defined-contribution nature).

FORBES: Nokia Bears Fooled Again

Instead, new employees join defined-contribution schemes, which are much less generously funded.

ECONOMIST: Pensions